How do I decide which types of interaction are best for my study abroad program?
There are advantages and disadvantages to organizing superficial and in-depth interactions (Fischer & Viens, in press), which are made evident at both ends of the scale.
Advantages and disadvantages of superficial interactions with locals:
Advantages of superficial interactions
- They do not require you to already have extensive social networks or contacts in the host country
- They are suitable for low-proficiency students (since interactions are prepared, rehearsed, and repetitive)
- They allow students to interact with multiple people
- They increase the likelihood of students encountering different language registers and varieties
- Even with superficial encounters, students can connect with locals by adding people on social media and gaining access to local events
- Interactions can take place in small groups, which may be reassuring for students who have difficulty communicating
Disadvantages of superficial interactions
- They rarely result in lasting bonds or friendships that can motivate and engage students; therefore, they may not lead to continued language learning after the return home
- Contacts cannot be established in advance
Advantages and disadvantages of in-depth interactions with locals:
Advantages of in-depth interactions
- If they are integrated into the curriculum, contacts with locals can extend learning pre- and post-trip
- They are suitable for high-proficiency students (interactions are challenging and unrehearsed)
- They are more likely to lead to meaningful exchanges
- The low ratio of students to locals presents more opportunity for language improvement
Disadvantages of in-depth interactions
- They require extensive social networks or contacts in the host country
- They require collaborative planning with local partners, which takes time and effort
- There are reciprocity issues (what do locals gain from this experience?)
- There may be affective barriers (such as students’ fear or shyness, or apathy on the part of locals) that impede authentic interactions between students and locals